Our Milestones
1907 Elwood Haynes receives a patent for an alloy he created. It is used for cutlery, dental instruments, automobile spark plugs, and other applications. He later named the metal STELLITE®.
1912 The United States Patent Office informs Haynes that he will be awarded two patents for his more advanced version of the STELLITE® alloys.
Elwood Haynes forms Haynes Stellite Works on Union Street in Kokomo, Indiana. The four employees begin producing his STELLITE® alloy for use in machine tools, dental equipment, surgical scalpels, and cutlery.
1915 Elwood Haynes and two local businessmen, Richard Ruddell and James C. Patten, incorporate the business as Haynes Stellite Company.
1916 Lindsay Street property is acquired, expanding the business under the leadership of James Patten, the plant manager.
1918 Henry M. Leland, inventor of Cadillac and Lincoln automobiles, writes to Haynes highlighting the importance of the STELLITE® alloy to the war effort. He states, “We have found that this Stellite is very superior to the high speed steel or anything else we have found.”
1920 Union Carbide purchases the Company.
1921 A patent is granted for a nickel-molybdenum alloy composition range, which allows the development of many proprietary alloys, including HASTELLOY® B alloy.
1922 HASTELLOY® trade name is invented. The name was created by taking letters from HAYNES STELLITE ALLOY = HASTELLOY®.
The hard-facing process is invented. This process involves welding a surface layer of STELLITE® alloys over parts of tools and machinery that are subject to wear and abrasion.
1927 Charles Lindberg’s aircraft, “Spirit of St. Louis,” crosses the Atlantic Ocean with STELLITE® hard-surfaced engine valves.
1929 A new casting foundry is built to manufacture product for the growing chemical processing, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries that use the newly introduced HASTELLOY® alloys.
1930 The oil well drilling industry is one of the first applications for hard-facing with STELLITE® alloys.Oil field drilling would become a growing business to help us financially throughout the years of the Great Depression.
1931 HASTELLOY® C alloy, the first of the entire family of C alloys, is introduced for use in chemical plants, as well as aircraft engine components.
1936 The first unit of the Douglas DC-3 aircraft is delivered. STELLITE® 21 alloy is used to prevent exhaust valve seat wear problems in the Pratt & Whitney R-1830 “Twin Wasp” radial engines. Some of these planes are still flying today.
1937 The precision casting process is used to make parts, such as dental restorations and surgical bone pins. This process, also known as the “lost wax” or investment casting process, would lead to what might be considered the most important period of growth for us.
Amelia Earhart’s Lockheed Electra 10E is equipped with Pratt & Whitney engines using STELLITE® hard-faced engine valves.
1941 The United States enters World War II. STELLITE® alloys are combined with the precision casting process to create turbine blades or “buckets” that can withstand the high temperatures and stresses encountered in an aircraft engine supercharger. This product is crucial to the military and allows Allied bombers to fly above enemy anti-aircraft fire. Over 25 million buckets are produced during the war, which is 70 percent of all buckets used.
1943 “Rosie the Riveter,” in Kokomo, is producing turbo supercharger blades for the war effort. About half of the workforce, which peaked at about 2,000 employees, are women.
1945 One hundred acres of land south of the main plant is purchased and becomes the Defenbaugh Street Operations, producing wrought alloys. This is a critical turning point because wrought products would eventually constitute the whole business of Haynes International.
1948 Defenbaugh Street Operations’ R-1 building is constructed. It houses a melt furnace, a steam hammer forge, a three-high mill for hot rolling plate and a two-high mill for hot rolling sheet, a 24-inch bar mill, and a 10-inch bar mill. Most of this equipment is still in operation today.
1950 Cobalt alloy L-605, later known as HAYNES® 25, is introduced. The L-605 name came from the designation of the first heat of the alloy that was made by Haynes Stellite.
1952 HASTELLOY® X alloy is used in the new Pratt & Whitney JT-3 engine to power the first Boeing 707.
1953 Jackie Cochran breaks the sound barrier flying in an F-86 fighter jet that uses MULTIMET® alloy in the GE J-47 turbojet engine combustor cans and exhaust ducts. She is the first woman to accomplish this feat.
1956 Manufacturing capabilities are expanded with the addition of the vacuum induction melting (VIM) facilities, which begin supplying General Motors with 360,000 pounds of investment casting remelt bar annually.
1957 The construction of the Park Avenue office complex, as well as centralized technology laboratories, an R&D test facility, and a technical library is completed.
In order to retain its commanding position in the high-performance sheet market, a new Sendzimer sheet cold mill is installed.
1958 The purchase of a 2000-ton Birdsboro forge press is needed to reduce billet conversion costs. The forge press proves to be very crucial to the growth of the wrought alloy operations during this period.
1961 In the Atlas launch vehicle for the Mercury capsule, HAYNES® R-41, STELLITE® 21, and HASTELLOY® B alloys are used in the heat shields, turbo pump blades, and inlet manifolds. Our products are used in both the space capsule and the Atlas rocket.
1963 Due to the rapid growth of air-melted alloys, a 15-ton Swindell electric arc furnace is added and immediately scheduled for production.
1964 A new 5-ton Stokes vacuum melt furnace begins operating.
1965 Our alloys help lift the Gemini astronauts off the launch pad and see them safely home at mission’s end. The Titan II launch vehicle for the Gemini program has rocket engines, which feature sets of internal shingles designed to protect the engine nozzles from hot spots. These shingles are made from HASTELLOY® C, MULTIMET®, or HAYNES® 25 alloys.
The United Steel Workers begin a two-year contract for hourly employees.
The 150,000-sq.-ft. Schloeman cold strip mill begins operating on the south side of Defenbaugh Street. This greatly expands production of sheet, coil, and strip products.
Showing its commitment to research and development, the Technology Department expands to more than 200 employees.
1966 Working with BASF in Germany, HASTELLOY® C-276 alloy is introduced.
1967 When aircraft engine designers ask for higher performance from heat-resistant alloys, we introduce HAYNES® 188 alloy, which gives designers a significant temperature advantage over anything available at the time. This allows the Pratt & Whitney F100 engine, which powers the McDonnell Douglas F15 attack aircraft, to achieve unmatched speed and climbing records.
Electro slag remelting (ESR) capability for wrought alloys is introduced. This results in considerable yield improvements, enhanced alloy hot-workability, and overall quality improvements.
1969 When Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins go to the Moon in Apollo 11, it takes nearly 14-tons of products made from our alloys in their Saturn V rocket to get them there. F-1 rocket engines employ HAYNES® 713C alloy turbine blades, HASTELLOY® C alloy nozzle skirt extensions and heat exchangers, an R-41 alloy turbopump manifold, and HASTELLOY® W alloy weldments.
1970 Cabot Corporation purchases the Company. As a measure of respect for tradition, Cabot management continues the “Stellite Division.”The argon-oxygen decarburization (AOD) process is added and dramatically expands the applications for the Stellite Division’s corrosion-resistant products in the chemical process industry.
The Brussels, Belgium, sales office is opened, marking our first sales office in Europe. Additional European sales offices and service centers will follow.
1971 HASTELLOY® S, HAYNES® 718, 625, and 75 alloys are introduced. For the first time in 50 years, we begin to produce a significant volume of alloys, which have neither been invented nor commercially introduced by us.
1973 HASTELLOY® C-4 alloy is introduced for general chemical processing industry applications, primarily in Europe.
1976 HAYNES® 25 alloy is used in the Mars Viking Lander thrust nozzles and in a screen cover for the cylinders in the catalyst bed. The cylinders are made of HASTELLOY® X alloy. The bulk of the three terminal descent engines are made using HASTELLOY® B alloy bar products.
HASTELLOY® B-2 alloy is introduced for acetic acid service in the chemical processing industry.
A service center opens in California to focus more efforts on value-added services. Processing equipment includes both laser and water-jet cutting machines. Additional U.S. service centers and sales offices will open.
1977 The Tubular Products Manufacturing Facility in Arcadia, Louisiana, opens to help support the growing level of tubular product sales in the chemical processing industry.
HASTELLOY® G-3 alloy is introduced for phosphoric acid service for the chemical processing industry.
1980 HAYNES® Ti-3AL-2.5V alloy is introduced. This titanium alloy, manufactured at the Tubular Products facility, is used in commercial and military aircraft hydraulic tubing and is used in more U.S. fighter aircrafts than any other supplier’s product.
1981 Due to significant demand for superalloy products, the four-high Steckel mill is installed, creating opportunities to increase market share for both high-temperature sheet and wide, corrosion-resistant alloy plate products.
HAYNES® 214® alloy is introduced for extreme high-temperature applications. 214® alloy is used in honeycomb-type turbine seals in the turbine section of many gas turbine engines.
1983 FERRALIUM® alloy 255 super stainless steel bars made in Kokomo are donated to the National Park Service for replacement of the internal support structure of the Statue of Liberty. Also donated are HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy flat bars to help secure the spikes in Lady Liberty’s crown.
A facility that manufactures round products opens in Openshaw in the United Kingdom. The Corby service center is subsequently moved there. This is our first manufacturing facility outside of the United States.
1984 HAYNES® 230® alloy is introduced for applications in the industrial gas turbine market, as well as industrial heating, and chemical process industries.
1985 HASTELLOY® C-22® and G-30® alloys are introduced for chemical processing applications in which environments are becoming more corrosive. These improved products bring many opportunities in the pharmaceutical and fertilizer markets.
Cabot Corporation sells the Stellite Hard-facing Division.
1987 After the sale of the Stellite Division, the remainder of the Kokomo-based company is named Haynes International, Inc.
1989 The investment banking firm of Morgan, Lewis, Githens, and Ahn, purchases Haynes International.
1990 HAYNES® HR-120®, HR-160®, and ULTIMET® alloys are introduced for non-traditional high-temperature markets. HAYNES® 242® alloy is also introduced for use in Pratt & Whitney’s military jet engines, as well as seal rings.
1993 HASTELLOY® D-205® alloy is introduced for various applications in the chemical processing and pharmaceutical markets. HASTELLOY® B-3® alloy is introduced as an improvement over B-2 alloy.
1995 HASTELLOY® C-2000® alloy is introduced to further advance the performance of the “C” alloys. It is actually the fifth generation of the original HASTELLOY® C alloy and is used in hundreds of applications.
1997 The Blackstone Group investment banking firm purchases Haynes International from Morgan, Lewis, Githens, and Ahn.
1999 Haynes Singapore opens, marking our first sales office in Asia. Additional Asian sales offices and service centers will follow.
2003 HASTELLOY® C-22HS® alloy is introduced. It has twice the strength of any other corrosion-resistant alloy, creating new applications in the oil and gas industry, such as sour gas wells at depths of over 25,000 feet.
2004 Seeking to expand our wire business, we purchase the assets of the Branford Wire Company in Mountain Home, North Carolina, and change the name to the Wire Products Manufacturing Facility.
HASTELLOY® G-35® alloy is introduced as the fourth generation of HASTELLOY® G alloy. This alloy improves corrosion resistance in many applications, especially phosphate fertilizer processing.
2005 HAYNES® 282® alloy is introduced. 282® alloy is a superalloy that is designed for hot-section components in gas turbine engines. Not only does it have superior strength at required gas turbine temperatures, but it is also fabricable and weldable.
2007 We complete an initial public offering, become a public company, and are listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange. (HAYN)
2008 HASTELLOY® HYBRID-BC1® alloy is introduced and designed for mixed acid service.
2011 NASA’s 30 years of Space Shuttle missions ends when Atlantis lands at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The Space Shuttle’s engines (SSMEs) have a total of 47 parts made from HAYNES® 188 alloy and seven from our HASTELLOY® B alloy. HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy is used for the fuel line bellows to help get the Shuttle off the ground.
HAYNES® HR-224® alloy is introduced. This alloy provides extreme high-temperature oxidation resistance in a fabricable, readily weldable alloy.
2012 We celebrate 100 years of innovation.
HAYNES® 230® alloy is used on attitude thrusters and the main terminal descent engines on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) and Curiosity Rover. Eight, 800-pound thrust rocket engines, made from 230® alloy, are used on the “Sky Crane” landing system to lower the MSL and Rover to the surface of Mars.
2013 HAYNES® NS-163® alloy is introduced. This high-temperature alloy provides high-temperature strength exceeding any other fabricable alloy in use today.
2018 HAYNES® 233™, 244®, and HR-235® alloys are introduced.
2021 Once again, our HAYNES® 230® alloy is used in the MR-80B throttling decent thrusters of the "Sky Crane" delivery vehicle to lower the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover to the Martian Surface near the Jezero Crater. Perseverance joins its cousin, Curiosity, in the exploration of the Red Planet, and seeks to collect samples of rock for possible return to Earth.
Our history spans more than a century of products, processes, and most of all, people. Also captured is the introduction of many well-known nickel- and cobalt-base alloys that have been used worldwide in the most demanding environments and in critical applications for aerospace, power generation, chemical processing, pharmaceuticals, and other areas.
Our research and development commitment is also quite unique in today’s highly competitive environment. Often research and development can take several years to go from an idea to a viable alloy product. The nickel and cobalt metallurgy field has been thoroughly researched over the last 100 years, but R&D remains an important part of our business and new alloys will continue to be invented.
Our products are used throughout the world in the most demanding environments and critical applications, just as they were at the beginning of the 20th century. Our products are used in parts for almost every commercial airplane flying today, as well as in military aircraft for the United States and its allies. Alloys invented and produced throughout our history flew on every one of the Apollo and space shuttle flights and are found in most rocket parts used in satellite launches today, as well as the latest “Curiosity” Mission to Mars.
We look forward to our future and continuing our Tradition of Innovation.